@article {2017,
	title = {Preserving the margins: Supporting creativity and resistance on digital participatory platforms},
	journal = {Proceedings of the ACM: Human-Computer Interaction},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {Online participatory platforms like Wikipedia and Zooniverse are designed to welcome contributions from anyone, however, to contend with a high volume of contributions, a range of constraints are deployed that align opportunities for participation toward ends defined by the experts and leaders of such platforms. In this paper I draw on extensive ethnographic work to describe how users encounter and negotiate opportunities for participation on two participatory platforms, demonstrating how platforms can exhibit distinct spaces and opportunities for participation, in some cases heavily enforcing standards of practice defined by experts and leaders while also leaving room for emergent and even divergent and deviant behavior. In describing this tension between conditions of normative and deviant participation, I highlight the importance of supporting opportunities for deviant and emergent participation to occur, emphasizing that design which uniquely supports narrow modes of participation can prevent opportunities for more inclusionary practice and evolving objectives},
	doi = {10.1145/3134718},
	attachments = {https://citsci.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/pacmhci083-mugarSC.pdf},
	author = {Gabriel Mugar}
}
@proceedings {9999,
	title = {Planet Hunters and Seafloor Explorers: Legitimate Peripheral Participation Through Practice Proxies in Online Citizen Science},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2/2014},
	abstract = {<p>Making the traces of user participation in primary activities visible in online crowdsourced initiatives has been shown to help new users understand the norms of participation but participants do not always have access to others{\textquoteright} work. Through a combination of virtual and trace ethnography we explore how new users in two online citizen science projects engage other traces of activity as a way of compensating. Merging the theory of legitimate peripheral participation with Erickson and Kellogg{\textquoteright}s theory of social translucence we introduce the concept of practice proxies; traces of user activities in online environment that act as resources to orient newcomers towards the norms of practice. Our findings suggest that newcomers seek out practice proxies in the social features of the projects that highlight contextualized and specific characteristics of primary work practice.</p>},
	doi = {10.1145/2531602.2531721},
	attachments = {https://citsci.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/paper_revised\%20copy\%20to\%20post.pdf},
	author = {Gabriel Mugar and Carsten {\O}sterlund and Katie DeVries Hassman and Kevin Crowston and Corey Brian Jackson}
}
@unpublished {2012,
	title = {Poster: Socially intelligent computing to support citizen science},
	year = {2012},
	month = {6/2012},
	publisher = {Syracuse University School of Information Studies},
	type = {Unpublished poster, presented at the SOCS PIs meeting},
	address = {Syracuse, NY},
	attachments = {https://citsci.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/SOCS\%20CS\%20SOCS\%20PI\%20poster\%20small.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston}
}
@conference {Prestopnik:2012a,
	title = {Purposeful gaming \& socio-computational systems: A citizen science design case},
	booktitle = {Group {\textquoteright}12 Conference},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	address = {Sanibel Island, FL, USA},
	attachments = {https://citsci.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/citizensort_cameraready.pdf},
	author = {Nathan Prestopnik and Kevin Crowston}
}
